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Rajendiran, S.
- Phosphates from Detergents and Eutrophication of Surface Water Ecosystem in India
Abstract Views :297 |
PDF Views:88
Authors
Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, IN
1 Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 108, No 7 (2015), Pagination: 1320-1325Abstract
Eutrophication, regarded as the most immediate environmental consequence of extensive phosphorus usage in contemporary societies, has received wide attention. If the current level of human-induced global environmental impacts continues, there is a chance of occurrence of nearly 2.4-2.7-fold increase in nitrogen and phosphorus driven eutrophication of terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems in the near future. The main sources of phosphate in aquatic environment, is through household sewage water containing detergents and cleaning preparations, agricultural run-off containing fertilizers, as well as, industrial effluents from fertilizer, detergent and soap industries. The consumption of synthetic detergents is increasing year-by-year due to increasing urbanization and most of them contain phosphate as a 'builder', which increases phosphate loading rates in water bodies. The estimated annual consumption of phosphate-containing laundry detergents for the current population in India is about 2.88 million tonnes and the total outflow of P is estimated to be 146 thousand tonnes per year. Therefore, a major point of concern for checking eutrophication of water bodies, particularly in sensitive areas, is how to reduce P inputs to surface waters.Keywords
Aquatic Ecosystem, Detergents, Eutrophication, Phosphate Loading.Full Text
- Reduction of Body Acceleration in the Quarter Car Model Using Fractional Order Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller
Abstract Views :252 |
PDF Views:154
Authors
Affiliations
1 College of Engg., Anna University, Chennai, IN
1 College of Engg., Anna University, Chennai, IN
Source
International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, Vol 9, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 128-133Abstract
Vehicle vibration can be controlled by Active Suspension System (ASS). The performances of ASS are better than the conventional Passive Suspension System (PSS). The effectiveness of ASS is based on the type of controllers used. In this paper, a quarter car model with ASS is considered for analysis. To reduce the vibration and improve the ride quality, Fractional order Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller (FrFSMC) is proposed and its performances are compared with Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller (FSMC) and passive system. While testing the performance of the controllers three types of road disturbances are given to the quarter car model to stimulate the vibration. The results of the proposed controllers are also compared against the existing Gray Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller (GFSMC). From the time responses and ischolar_main mean square indices, FrFSMC performs better than the FSMC, GFSMC and PSS.Keywords
Active Suspension System, Fractional Order Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control, Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control, Quarter Car Model, Vibration Control.Full Text
References
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- Zinc Status in the Soils of Karnataka and Response of Horticultural Crops to Zinc Application : A Meta-analysis
Abstract Views :220 |
PDF Views:109
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, IN
1 Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 14, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 98-108Abstract
Zinc is considered as the fourth important yield limiting nutrient in India, after N, P, and K. From the regular soil analysis data, Indian soils (50%) are found to be deficient in Zn and the zinc deficiency is likely to increase in future. Areas with low soil available Zn are often regions with widespread zinc deficiency in humans. Zinc malnutrition and deficiency in human is alarming and is gaining attention in recent years. Application of zinc to soil and crops is one of the simple and easiest ways to mitigate or alleviate Zn deficiency in human. Moreover Zn uptake, its translocation and yield response of various crops to applied Zn are need to be focused for finding sustainable solutions to the problem of zinc deficiency in crops and humans. In this manuscript, importance of Zn to plants and human, Zn malnutrition problems in India and global level, soil Zn status of Karnataka, various factors that responsible for Zn deficiency in the soils of Karnataka and the response of various horticultural crops to Zn application in the region is discussed. Soil maps are believed to be an important tool to delineate and manage nutrient deficient areas. It also elaborates the effective Zn management strategies to improve crop productivity and farm income.Keywords
Crop Production, Crop Quality, Karnataka, Horticultural Crops, Zinc Deficiency, Zn Management.Full Text
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